Industry 4.0 fosters the evolution of the "smart factory." In these modularly structured environments, cyber-physical systems meticulously monitor physical processes, generating a virtual replica of the physical world. These advanced systems make decentralized decisions, seamlessly communicating and cooperating with each other and with humans in real-time via the Internet of Things. This dynamic interaction occurs not only internally but also across organizational services utilized by participants in the value chain.
Cross-Disciplinary Aspects of Cyber-Physical System Design (CPSD)
